Recent articles in Southern Ag Today have detailed the financial stress that Southern crop producers are having to endure, although the problems are not unique to the South.&nbsp;&nbsp;In economics, we talk about the “cost price squeeze” that is created by declining commodity prices and high input costs.&nbsp;&nbsp;Our work at the Agricultural and Food Policy Center (AFPC) at Texas A&amp;M University – with roughly 575 individual producers from across the country that work with us on 90-plus crop, livestock, and dairy representative farms – has given us a good feel for the relative costs of production and profitability across the country.&nbsp;&nbsp;Those 575 producers are some of the very best from all regions and commodity types.&nbsp;&nbsp;They also know that working with us provides them a voice in the policy world they would not otherwise have.&nbsp;&nbsp;Because of this, I often get calls and emails letting me know when pressure is mounting.&nbsp;&nbsp;In the last three months, there has been a steady stream of calls and emails saying that this is the worst year they have ever had and getting financing for next year has been incredibly difficult.



I have heard from some that if it wasn’t for their lender including an estimated payment from the FARM Act, they would not have been refinanced…which is troublesome to say the least.&nbsp;&nbsp;Why?&nbsp;&nbsp;Neither the FARM Act nor any other disaster/economic aid has been moved forward by Congress.&nbsp;&nbsp;Others have commented that they are having to sell land to pay off carryover debt to get their 2025 financing.&nbsp;&nbsp;All are saying that without pledging their land as collateral, operating loans for next year would not be happening.&nbsp;&nbsp;Some might say this is business as usual but consider this: the 2025 crop year is projected to be worse than 2024 by the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) at the University of Missouri, USDA, and our own recent projections for our representative farms.&nbsp;



Without getting into doomsday scenarios, I just ask the reader to consider the question that I keep getting asked: why should we continue to risk our financial health and continue to see our net worth evaporate when Congress can’t get their act together enough to pass much needed disaster/economic assistance that will help in the short-term or a new farm bill for the longer term?&nbsp;&nbsp;My answer to that question is one of hope more than fact, but I am very hopeful that Congress will act decisively and soon.

It’s Time for the Panic Button

As the 2024 peanut harvest wraps up, peanut prices remain relatively stable compared to prices of other crops. Corn, soybeans, cotton, wheat, and rice have had significant price decreases since the 2022/23 marketing year, while peanut prices have experienced only a slight decrease over that period. Peanut prices are projected to average $530 per ton for the 2024/25 marketing year, just below the $536 and $538 per ton observed for the 2022/23 and 2023/24 marketing years, respectively. This price stability comes as peanut ending stocks have remained low and stable, which is expected to continue into the 2024/25 marketing year.



Figure 1: Peanut Production, Disappearance, and Ending Stocks by Year


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="772" height="636" src="https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/4.49.3-1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-40948" srcset="https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/4.49.3-1.png 772w, https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/4.49.3-1-768x633.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 772px) 100vw, 772px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Data Source: USDA Economic Research Service.&nbsp;Oil Crops Outlook.&nbsp;November 2024.</figcaption></figure></div>


Peanut production is expected to increase in 2024, driven by the 10% increase in planted acreage. If current USDA projections are realized, peanut production would total 3.3 million tons, an 11% increase from 2023, as shown in the orange line of figure 1. Georgia leads the way with an expected 1.65 million tons of peanut production, followed by Florida (297,850 tons), Alabama (297,600 tons), and Texas (262,500 tons). The increased nationwide production comes despite a projected U.S. peanut yield of just 3,723 lb. per acre, which is 1.4 percent below the 2023 yield and the lowest yield since 2016.&nbsp;



On the demand side, peanut disappearance is projected to keep pace with the increased production, as shown by the bars in Figure 1. Peanuts processed for domestic food products, which account for about half of U.S. peanut disappearance, are expected to increase by 1% to 1.58 million tons. Peanut crush is expected to increase by 22%. In contrast, exports are forecast to decrease by 18% to 600,000 tons. As a result of the strong production, ending stocks are expected to increase to 823,000 tons, but this would still be the second lowest total since 2016. Overall, these tight supplies may suggest that peanut prices remain favorable next year. Despite the relatively favorable peanut price situation, peanut profitability remains a major concern due to the elevated production costs identified in the article titled “<a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2024/11/25/the-long-term-economic-struggles-of-southern-peanut-farmers/">The Long Term Economic Struggles of Southern Peanut Farmers</a>.”



Sources:



USDA Economic Research Service.&nbsp;Oil Crops Outlook:&nbsp;November 2024. Available at:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=110380">https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=110380</a>



USDA.&nbsp;Peanut Stocks and Processing:&nbsp;November 25, 2024. Available at:&nbsp;<a href="https://usda.library.cornell.edu/concern/publications/02870v87z">https://usda.library.cornell.edu/concern/publications/02870v87z</a>



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Sawadgo, Wendiam. &#8220;<a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2024/11/12/peanut-stocks-expected-to-remain-low-in-2025/">Peanut Stocks Expected to Remain Low in 2025.</a>&#8221; Southern Ag Today 4(49.3). December 4, 2024. <a href="http://peanut-stocks-expected-to-remain-low-in-2025">Permalink</a>

Peanut Stocks Expected to Remain Low in 2025

The foundation of cattle production is forage availability and management.&nbsp;&nbsp;Poor forage growing conditions require cattle producers to incur increased feed costs or forced culling decisions. With drought conditions looming it’s a good time to think about the Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP) program.&nbsp;&nbsp;USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) administers the LFP designed to financially assist livestock farmers burdened with increased costs associated with a loss of forage due to drought and/or wildfire.



Prior to 2008, livestock and forage producers had limited options to manage risk from disasters, except post-hoc disaster funding.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (2008 Farm Bill) formed LFP, funded by the Agricultural Disaster Relief Fund.&nbsp;&nbsp;Permanent authorization of LFP occurred in The Agricultural Act of 2014 (2014 Farm Bill), with funding authorized through the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC).



While the Southeast may not be an area of the country considered prone to drought and lost forage due to drought, from 2011-2021, Southeast livestock producers received approximately $3.7 billion in payments from LFP. Provided that a producer meets FSA eligibility requirements, payments are calculated based on the number of months of eligible drought and a payment rate. The payment rate is based on the type of livestock and also is a percentage of a measure of monthly feed costs or carrying capacity of the land. The number of payments or months of payment is based on drought severity and duration based on the U.S. Drought Monitor.&nbsp;&nbsp;In this way, total payment calculations are a function of drought conditions, cattle inventory, and producer participation.&nbsp;



As shown in Figure 1, at a state level, total payments over the 2011-2021 period are greatest for Oklahoma, Texas, and Arkansas. This makes sense as the 2011-2012 drought resulted in a large number of payments with a high payment amount for producers in Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas in 2012 and 2013. Yet, Figure 1 also shows that producers across the Southeast have utilized this program. In 2016 and 2017, a total of $106 million for Alabama producers and $29 million for Mississippi producers was disbursed following a particularly devastating drought.&nbsp;



Figure 1: County-level total payments distributed to livestock producers as part of the Livestock Forage Disaster Program for accounting years 2011-2021.



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="636" height="284" src="https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/4.49.2-1.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-40941"/></figure>



As 2024 draws to a close, it is important to consider growing conditions over the last year and potential payments under LFP. On November 12th, 83% of the contiguous United States was in D0-D4 or experiencing abnormally dry to exceptional drought. In the Southeast, drought conditions have shifted over the summer, with some parts of the region experiencing severe and exceptional drought. The USDA publishes weekly county-level eligibility for LFP payments based on pasture type.&nbsp;&nbsp;As of November 14th, 247 counties in the Southern Ag Today region were eligible for payments on improved pastures, 234 counties were eligible for payment for native pastures, and 123 counties were eligible for payments on improved mixed pastures. While some counties are only eligible for 1 month of payment, others are eligible for 5 months this year. Other types of pastures are also eligible for payment but are not discussed here. Eligible producers have 30 days from the end of the calendar year when the qualifying drought occurred to apply. For more information, consult the USDA Fact Sheet and your local FSA office.&nbsp;



Figure 2: Eligible counties and number of program months for payment under improved pasture as part of the Livestock Forage Disaster Program for 2024 as of November 14, 2024.



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="624" height="288" src="https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/4.49.2-2.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-40943"/></figure>



Figure 3: Eligible counties and number of program months for payment under native pasture as part of the Livestock Forage Disaster Program for 2024 as of November 14, 2024.



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="624" height="288" src="https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/4.49.2-3.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-40944"/></figure>



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Thayer, Anastasia, Matthew Fischer, and Braeden Mull. &#8220;<a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2024/11/12/a-look-at-the-livestock-forage-disaster-program/">A Look at the Livestock Forage Disaster Program.</a>&#8221; Southern Ag Today 4(49.2). December 3, 2024. <a href="http://a-look-at-the-livestock-forage-disaster-program">Permalink</a>

A Look at the Livestock Forage Disaster Program 

As we wind down the year, an approaching deadline will impact many producers and operations throughout the country. The deadline for filing Beneficial Ownership Information (BOI) is set for January 1, 2025. The Corporate Transparency Act (CTA) is the federal act that requires filing the BOI with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN). The BOI is sometimes collected by financial institutions, but providing that information does not satisfy filing with FinCEN. FinCEN reporting collects information that is not collected by a financial institution.&nbsp;&nbsp;FinCEN requirements include:&nbsp;



1)&nbsp;a unique identifying number and issuing jurisdiction from, and image of, one of the following non-expired documents:&nbsp;



a) U.S. passport, b) state driver’s license, c) identification document issued by a state, local government, or Indian Tribe, or d) Foreign passport.&nbsp;



2)&nbsp;Any trade name or doing business as (DBA name



3)&nbsp;Jurisdiction of formation and registration (if a foreign entity)



4)&nbsp;Information about company applicant(s)



5)&nbsp;Certification by the individual filing the report with FinCEN:



a) The report is true, correct, and complete.



FinCEN defines a “Beneficial Owner” as an individual who directly or indirectly exercises substantial control over a reporting company or owns or controls at least 25% of the ownership interests of a reporting company.&nbsp;



There are two types of reporting company definitions:



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Domestic reporting companies:&nbsp;corporations, limited liability companies, and any other entities created by the filing of a document with a secretary of state or any similar office in the United States.</li>



<li>Foreign reporting companies: entities (including corporations and limited liability companies) formed under the law of a foreign country that have registered to do business in the United States by the filing of a document with a secretary of state or any similar office.</li>
</ul>



There is no maximum number of beneficial owners who must be reported to FinCEN. If you fall under the above definition, you should consider filing the BOI application with FinCEN.&nbsp;



Failing to file can result in monetary penalties and possible felony charges. More information on filing BOI, and updates, can be found&nbsp;<a href="https://www.fincen.gov/boi">here</a>.&nbsp;



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Martinez, Charley. &#8220;<a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2024/11/12/upcoming-deadline-beneficial-ownership-information/">Upcoming Deadline: Beneficial Ownership Information.</a>&#8221; Southern Ag Today 4(49.1). December 2, 2024. <a href="http://upcoming-deadline-beneficial-ownership-information">Permalink</a>

Upcoming Deadline: Beneficial Ownership Information 

The Corporate Transparency Act (CTA) is a federal law aimed at combating financial crimes like money laundering and tax evasion. Under the CTA, most corporations, limited liability companies (LLCs), and similar entities are required to disclose their “beneficial owners”—individuals who own or control at least 25% of the business or exercise significant decision-making authority.&nbsp;&nbsp;



On January 1, 2024, the CTA’s rules went into effect. Entities created before that date were given until January 1, 2025 to comply, while companies formed during 2024 were given 90 days to report the beneficial ownership information.



Several court actions were filed, challenging the new requirement.&nbsp;&nbsp;On December 3rd, 2024,&nbsp;Judge Amos Mazzant, a federal judge in Texas, issued a&nbsp;nationwide injunction. This injunction paused the reporting deadlines and prevents enforcement of the regulations.&nbsp;The ruling in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bloomberglaw.com/public/document/TexasTopCopShopIncetalvGarlandetalDocketNo424cv00478EDTexMay28202?doc_id=X3PI3GTJP5E9HSPN0JK6CAU8E8G">Texas Top Cop Shop, Inc. v. Garland</a>&nbsp;was in response to a request for a preliminary injunction,&nbsp;where the court found that the plaintiffs demonstrated a substantial likelihood of success on the merits of their claims. It was not a final determination of the case itself. The government may choose to appeal, although no statements have yet been made in response to the ruling.



Reporting Requirements:



While they have been placed on hold, and entities are not required to comply by a specific date, many businesses have already submitted the CTA information.&nbsp;&nbsp;Others may choose to do so in the future. To comply with the CTA, reporting entities will need to:



<ol start="1" class="wp-block-list">
<li>Identify Beneficial Owners: Determine who qualifies as a beneficial owner within your company. Consider factors like ownership percentage and decision-making power.</li>



<li>Collect Required Information: Gather key details about each beneficial owner, including their full legal name, date of birth, residential address, and an identification number (e.g., from a passport or driver’s license), as well as a scan or picture of that identifying document.</li>



<li>Submit Information to FinCEN: File the information securely with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) through its <a href="https://fincen.gov/boi">online reporting system</a>. Detailed instructions are available on the FinCEN website.</li>
</ol>



The above ruling was not the only successful challenge to the CTA.&nbsp;&nbsp;Earlier this year, a federal district court in Alabama&nbsp;<a href="https://nationalaglawcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/cta-ruling.pdf">ruled</a>&nbsp;that the CTA was unconstitutional. Plaintiffs in that case were granted summary judgement, and CTA enforcement was suspended regarding&nbsp;<a href="https://www.fincen.gov/news/news-releases/updated-notice-regarding-national-small-business-united-v-yellen-no-522-cv-01448">the named plaintiffs and members of the National Small Business Association.</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Until the most recent ruling, for everyone else the requirement remained in effect.&nbsp;



What next:



If you are a business who has already submitted the beneficial ownership information, the regulations include an ongoing requirement to update the report if information changes.&nbsp;&nbsp;However, because of the injunction, those requirements are currently suspended.&nbsp;&nbsp;That does not mean that the ongoing requirement to update the report is removed completely!&nbsp;&nbsp;That requirement could be reinstated or changed based on further developments in this court case (or others), changes in the regulations or guidance or even further Congressional action.&nbsp;&nbsp;Because of that, it is important to stay aware of future developments.&nbsp;



If you are an entity who has not submitted the beneficial ownership information, your obligation to do so has been suspended.&nbsp;&nbsp;Again, this does not mean that the obligation is completely eliminated, just that as of this moment you are not required meet the previously-mentioned deadlines.&nbsp;&nbsp;You should keep up with future changes in this fluid situation, to avoid possible future liability.&nbsp;&nbsp;It might also be helpful to reach out to a legal or financial professional to discuss next steps.&nbsp;&nbsp;If the injunction is overturned on appeal, businesses may need to act quickly to meet reporting deadlines.&nbsp;&nbsp;Information on finding an attorney in your area is available&nbsp;<a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2023/12/15/finding-a-lawyer/">here</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Further, the FinCEN website provides additional resources and information to clarify requirements and streamline reporting.



For more information on the CTA and its requirements, the National Agricultural Law Center has a&nbsp;<a href="https://nationalaglawcenter.org/webinars/cta/">recorded webinar</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://nationalaglawcenter.org/center-publications/busorg/#cta">factsheet</a>&nbsp;available.&nbsp;&nbsp;Additionally, the Center for Agricultural Law and Taxation has followed the issue closely, and has resources, including a brief update on pending court challenges, available&nbsp;<a href="https://www.calt.iastate.edu/article/beneficial-ownership-information-reporting-update">here</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;To be clear, these resources cover the CTA requirements, which have now been suspended due to the&nbsp;Texas Top Cop Shop&nbsp;ruling.&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless and until there are future changes with litigation or policy changes, regulated entities are not required to comply with the CTA reporting requirements.&nbsp;&nbsp;



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Rumley, Elizabeth. &#8220;<a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2024/11/12/corporate-transparency-act-deadline-upcoming/">Corporate Transparency Act Deadline Upcoming.</a>&#8221; Southern Ag Today 4(48.5). November 29, 2024. <a href="http://corporate-transparency-act-deadline-upcoming">Permalink</a>

UPDATED Dec 4, 2024…..Corporate Transparency Act Deadline Upcoming

With several key moves during the 2024 rice market, and harvest behind us, we can let the dust settle and make some observations and conclusions as we look toward 2025. A major shift in domestic production patterns emerged in 2022; volatile input costs, triggered by the Russian-Ukraine War and supply chain disruptions, led to a decline in rice acreage as southern U.S. farmers opted to grow less input-intensive crops like soybeans and corn. These challenges were exacerbated by a severe drought in California that substantially reduced short/medium grain rice production. Rice production rebounded in 2023 and maintained that level in 2024, when more stable fertilizer prices shifted producers back to rice to counter the risk of lower prices, as was the case in other commodities (Figure 1). Recent conversations with agronomists indicate that U.S. rice farmers may maintain or expand rice acreage and production in 2025.



Figure 1. U.S. All Rice Class Production and Acres Harvested (2014 &#8211; 2024)



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2520" height="1315" src="https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/4.48.3-1-1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-40901" srcset="https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/4.48.3-1-1.png 2520w, https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/4.48.3-1-1-1024x534.png 1024w, https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/4.48.3-1-1-768x401.png 768w, https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/4.48.3-1-1-1536x802.png 1536w, https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/4.48.3-1-1-2048x1069.png 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2520px) 100vw, 2520px" /></figure>



The November 2024 World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report indicates the current outlook for U.S. rice is for larger ending stocks, weaker exports and unchanged supplies and domestic use from October 2024 (USDA-AMS, 2024). All rice exports combined are lowered 1 million cwt to a total of 100 million. All rice ending stocks are increased 1 million cwt to 46.7 million, a 19% increase from the 2023/24 marketing year. The seasonal average farm price for long grain and southern short/medium grain is unchanged at $14.50/cwt, suggesting a cautious domestic response to the stock increases (Figure 2).



Figure 2. Rice Marketing Year Average Farm Prices (2020/21 &#8211; 2024/24F)



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="728" height="336" src="https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/4.48.3-2.png" alt="" class="wp-image-40900"/></figure>



Internationally, it’s important to note the spread between India’s rice, Thailand/Vietnam rice, and U.S. milled rice. U.S. long grain is and has remained for several months at $800/metric ton, while Vietnam and Thailand are currently selling at $550 and $500/metric ton, respectively. The price gap widened following the September 2024 lift of India’s export ban on non-basmati milled rice. Currently, India has set the price floor at $490/metric ton. India’s return to the international market has forced Thailand and Vietnam to lower their prices by 10-13%, impacting demand for U.S. long grain rice in countries like Iraq. Iraq’s preference for cheaper rice from Asia, influenced by the price differential, has reduced demand for U.S. rice exports and poses a challenge for U.S. farmers (Childs and Jarrell, 2024).&nbsp;



Looking ahead, global rice exports for 2025 are expected to increase by 4% YoY, bringing total exports to 56.3 million metric tons. India is projected to reclaim much of their share, reaching a volume of 21 million tons. However, countries like Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, and the United States are expected to see a decline in export volumes (Figure 3).&nbsp;



Figure 3. Milled Rice Exports (2020/21 &#8211; 2024/25Nov)



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2520" height="1265" src="https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/4.48.3-3.png" alt="" class="wp-image-40903" srcset="https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/4.48.3-3.png 2520w, https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/4.48.3-3-1024x514.png 1024w, https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/4.48.3-3-768x386.png 768w, https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/4.48.3-3-1536x771.png 1536w, https://sat-wp.afpc.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/4.48.3-3-2048x1028.png 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2520px) 100vw, 2520px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Source: USDA-FAS, 2024</figcaption></figure>



References



United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service. (2024).&nbsp;World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE-654). Retrieved November 9, 2024, from,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/wasde1124.pdf">https://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/wasde1124.pdf</a>



United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service – PSD Reports. (2024).&nbsp;World Rice Trade. Retrieved November 9, 2024, from,&nbsp;<a href="https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/app/index.html#/app/downloads">https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/app/index.html#/app/downloads</a>



United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. (2024).&nbsp;Rice Production and Acres Harvested. Retrieved October 2024, from,&nbsp;<a href="https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/">https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/</a>



Loy, R., and Hunter, B. (2024).&nbsp;The Disparity Between Crop Prices Received and Input Prices Paid.”&nbsp;Southern Ag Today 4(28.3). July 10, 2024. Available at,&nbsp;<a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2024/07/10/the-disparity-between-crop-prices-received-and-input-prices-paid/">https://southernagtoday.org/2024/07/10/the-disparity-between-crop-prices-received-and-input-prices-paid/</a>



Childs, N., &amp; Jarrell, P. (2024).&nbsp;Rice outlook: October 2024 (Report No. RCS-24I).&nbsp;U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Retrieved November 2024, from,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/outlooks/110219/rcs-24i.pdf?v=5219.8">https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/outlooks/110219/rcs-24i.pdf?v=5219.8</a>



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Loy, Ryan. &#8220;<a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2024/11/12/sifting-through-the-rice-market-rising-supplies-and-growing-competition/">Sifting through the Rice Market: Rising Supplies and Growing Competition.</a>&#8221; Southern Ag Today 4(48.3). November 27, 2024. <a href="http://sifting-through-the-rice-market-rising-supplies-and-growing-competition">Permalink</a>

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