As we have noted over the past few months (see here and here), there is growing pressure to complete a farm bill in advance of the 2025 crop year and to provide economic assistance for 2024 losses given the low levels of support being provided by the current farm bill extension. Hurricanes Helene and Milton have also resulted in renewed calls for natural disaster assistance for the 2023 and 2024 crop years.
While work continues behind the scenes on the farm bill – with no clear indication of the path forward – economic assistance for 2024 losses is starting to take shape. Most of the chatter concerns the significant collapse in commodity prices over the past two years coupled with costs of production that have continued to remain high. That cost-price squeeze has resulted in the largest 2-year decline in crop cash receipts in history (here).
Rep. Trent Kelly (R-MS) has introduced the Farmer Assistance and Revenue Mitigation Act of 2024 (The FARM Act) which would provide emergency assistance to producers of eligible commodities for which the expected revenue in crop year 2024 is below the projected per-acre cost of production. Acres planted or prevented from being planted in 2024 to the following crops would be eligible for assistance: barley, corn, cotton, dry peas, grain sorghum, lentils, large chickpeas, oats, peanuts, rice, small chickpeas, soybeans, other oilseeds, and wheat. FARM Act payments are calculated as follows:
FARM Act Payment = (Projected Cost – Projected Returns) x Eligible Acres x 60% where:
- Projected Cost is the per-acre cost published by USDA’s Economic Research Service for corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, rice, sorghum, oats, and barley and otherwise as determined by the Secretary in a similar manner.
- Projected Returns for corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, rice, sorghum, oats, and barley are determined by multiplying the projected 2024 marketing year average price published in the WASDE by the 10-year national average yield for the eligible commodity and otherwise as determined by the Secretary.
- Eligible Acres consist of 100% of the acres planted to an eligible commodity plus 50% of the acres prevented from being planted to an eligible commodity in crop year 2024, as reported to FSA by the producer.
Existing provisions relative to attribution of payments, actively engaged in farming, and other regulations apply. With respect to payment limitations, persons or entities that derive less than 75% of their income from farming, ranching, or forestry are subject to an overall limitation of $175,000. Persons or entities that derive 75% or more of their income from farming, ranching, or forestry are subject to an overall limitation of $350,000 in assistance.
Table 1 provides an estimate of the per-acre payments under the FARM Act. In this analysis, we use estimates from the October 2024 WASDE for the marketing year average price along with harvested acre yields from NASS. Most importantly, these are merely estimates and are subject to change. For example, Congress may choose to reduce the payment factor, or they may choose to go a different direction altogether. Regardless, proposals are starting to take shape, and the levels of support being discussed would provide a meaningful amount of assistance to help offset losses in 2024.
Table 1. Estimated Per-Acre Payments for Select Commodities under the FARM Act.
2/ Based on October 2024 WASDE.
3/ Based on NASS harvested acre yields.
Fischer, Bart L., and Joe Outlaw. “Economic Assistance for the 2024 Crop Year Starting to Take Shape.” Southern Ag Today 4(43.4). October 24, 2024. Permalink
